A Comprehensive Review of the International Political Economy System (From the Past to the Present)

Abstract

Today, a large share of scientific achievements in the natural sciences is due to the existence of laboratories that determine the truth or falsity of the calculations of natural scientists in a short time; however, the conditions in the field of humanities are completely different.

In the humanities, the laboratory of history is used to test hypotheses; Therefore, the previous article attempts to examine the history of international relations in a mixed manner with the history of international economics in order to examine the variables and characteristics that have influenced the formation and evolution of the international political economy system.

The question of the present research can be posed as follows: What has been the course of formation and evolution of the current international political economy system? In response, it should be said that the political units that achieved a kind of economic hegemony after the fourteenth century AD played a fundamental role in the formation and evolution of the international political economy system, relying on two variables: investment in the international system and access to modern technologies. The present study is based on the assumptions of the scientific-empirical approach, and aims to examine the formation and evolution of the current international political economy system using a comparative approach. The research method of this paper is also of the fundamental type, material and process studies.

The research discussion shows that the formation of the international political economy system has been within the framework of the competition of economic hegemons over the past five centuries, and each of these players has played an important role in this regard by relying on technological and capital changes alongside institutional innovations.