Global Spectrum of Research and Humanities
The Global Spectrum of Research and Humanities (GSRH) is a peer-reviewed, open-access academic journal based in Azerbaijan. It publishes research articles in the fields of humanities and social sciences, providing a platform for international scholarly communication. The journal accepts submissions in multiple languages, including Azerbaijani, English, Russian, Turkish, and Persian, emphasizing a global and inclusive approach to knowledge dissemination. ISSN: 3007-9136 Frequency: Biannual (published twice a year). Access: Free online access to all articles to promote open research.
The Unity of National and European Musical Traditions in Adil Babirov’s Prelude-Scherzo
Adil Babirov’s Prelude-Scherzo represents a significant example of the successful synthesis between Azerbaijani national music traditions and European classical forms. The work unites the lyrical expressiveness of the prelude with the energetic, dynamic character of the scherzo, forming a coherent dramaturgical structure enriched by both musical worlds. Babirov combines mugham intonations, national rhythmic elements, and melodic flexibility with the harmonic language and formal principles of European classical–romantic music, thereby creating an original sound palette. The recurring thematic motives reinforce the artistic idea and demonstrate how national musical identity can exist harmoniously within Western compositional frameworks. The composition not only strengthens the expressive potential of Azerbaijani music but also serves as a valuable pedagogical and performative example within contemporary piano literature. Overall, Prelude-Scherzo embodies Babirov’s artistic mission: integrating tradition and innovation while presenting national musical thinking through a universal musical language.
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Linguistic and Stylistic Features of Islam Safarli’s Creative Work
This article provides a systematic analysis of the linguistic and stylistic features of Islam Safarli’s poetic works, highlighting the distinctive place of his language in Azerbaijani literature. The study reveals that Safarli’s poetic style is characterized by simplicity, sincerity, fluid expression, and strong connections to folk speech. His extensive use of onomastic units—including anthroponyms, hydronyms, toponyms, and phytonyms—enriches the poetic lexicon and reinforces national-cultural identity within his verse. Additionally, the poet’s skillful application of stylistic devices such as idiomatic expressions, metaphorical imagery, antithesis, repetition, and inversion enhances the emotional and aesthetic impact of his poetry. Overall, Safarli’s creative approach elevates the expressive potential of the Azerbaijani literary language and contributes significantly to the development of modern poetic style.
Developing Emotional Intelligence in Music Lessons
This article examines the role of music lessons in fostering emotional intelligence among school-age children. Emotional intelligence encompasses a child’s ability to recognize and regulate personal emotions, understand the emotions of others, and demonstrate appropriate behavior in social interactions. Music education is considered a powerful tool in this process, as it naturally cultivates expressiveness, attentive listening, empathy, creativity, and collaboration. The study identifies that methods such as rhythm-based games, musical improvisation, group vocal activities, and creating stories through music significantly enhance students’ emotional self-expression. Engaging with the character and mood of musical pieces, expressing emotions through melody, and collaborating during ensemble performance contribute to the development of empathy, social communication, and self-confidence. The findings suggest that systematically and purposefully structured music lessons make a substantial contribution to the development of children’s emotional intelligence. Therefore, it is recommended that music teachers integrate emotionally oriented pedagogical methods into their instruction and respond sensitively to students’ emotional experiences. Analyzing the emotional character of musical works plays a crucial role in enhancing children’s empathy. The integration of music education with emotional development not only improves instructional quality but also supports the formation of well-balanced and harmonious personalities.
Problems of Forming Professional Competencies of Art Teachers in the Context of Modern Pedagogical Requirements
Background and Purpose: Current educational reforms and changing societal needs have increased the urgency of improving visual arts instruction. The effectiveness of this process depends largely on the professional competencies of art teachers and their ability to meet modern pedagogical requirements. This study examines the existing level of art teachers’ competencies, identifies key challenges, and proposes effective models and strategies for their development. The article also reviews teacher preparation standards, pedagogical innovations, and international practices in arts education. Methodology: A mixed-methods design was used. Quantitative data were gathered through a nationwide survey evaluating teachers’ professional knowledge, skills, and methodological readiness. Qualitative insights were obtained through interviews with experts, education managers, and experienced teachers. Data were analyzed using statistical tools and thematic analysis. Key Findings: Results reveal that many teachers lack adequate digital skills and competencies in inclusive teaching—both of which are essential in contemporary classrooms. The study confirms the need for continuous professional development programs that emphasize active learning, interdisciplinary integration, and mentorship-driven training. Significance: The findings offer practical guidance for institutions involved in teacher training and professional development. This study contributes to the advancement of competency-based approaches and supports the overall improvement of arts education.
State Regulation Problems and Conceptual Approaches in Regional Socio-Economic Development
The effective organization of regional socio-economic development is one of the key directions of contemporary public administration, requiring the balanced formation of economic space and the efficient allocation of resources. In this context, state regulation challenges necessitate a reassessment of the scientific and methodological foundations of regional policy. In the modern environment, factors such as deepening interregional disparities, incomplete institutional coordination mechanisms, inflexible legal frameworks, and unequal fiscal capacities make strengthening the state’s regulatory function a pressing issue. The study examines the integration of existing conceptual approaches – strategic planning, the subsidiarity principle, clustering models, and innovative management tools – into the state regulation system of regional development. At the same time, enhancing the role of social factors, institutional transparency, and public-private partnerships in shaping regional policy is considered a priority. Consequently, addressing the problems of state regulation in regional socio-economic development requires the implementation of complex and coordinated mechanisms, as well as the establishment of a long-term conceptual framework. This approach serves as a strategic foundation ensuring sustainable and inclusive development of regions.
Generative AI in CALL: Enhancing Self-Regulated L2 Learning Through Adaptive Chatbots
Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has introduced new possibilities for computer-assisted language learning (CALL), particularly through adaptive chatbots capable of natural conversation and personalized feedback. This review synthesizes recent research on how GenAI chatbots support self-regulated learning (SRL) among second language (L2) learners. Findings indicate that chatbots can enhance all phases of SRL by prompting goal-setting, enabling strategy use through interactive practice, and facilitating reflection via feedback and progress summaries. Their adaptive, always-available nature provides individualized scaffolding that promotes autonomy, engagement, and sustained practice. Evidence also shows positive effects on motivation, confidence, vocabulary retention, and reduced anxiety, though long-term sustainability and over-reliance remain concerns. The review emphasizes that pedagogically guided use is essential: when integrated meaningfully into instruction, chatbots can function as powerful mediators of cognitive, metacognitive, and affective processes in L2 learning. Implications for design, teacher training, and future research directions are discussed.
Individual Differences in L2 Processing: The Role of Working Memory and Aptitude in Online Form Recognition
Online recognition of grammatical and lexical forms in a second language (L2) is shaped by substantial individual differences in adult learners’ cognitive abilities. This narrative review synthesizes evidence on how working memory (WM) capacity and language aptitude contribute to variability in real-time L2 processing. Across studies, WM—particularly its executive and phonological components—supports learners’ ability to maintain, integrate, and retrieve linguistic information during comprehension, enabling more accurate parsing under cognitive load. Language aptitude, viewed as a composite of phonological memory, analytical ability, and pattern-learning skills, further predicts learners’ sensitivity to form–meaning relationships in both implicit and explicit learning contexts. Empirical findings from behavioral, instructional, and neurocognitive research indicate that high-capacity learners often display more native-like processing signatures, whereas lower-capacity learners rely on shallower or lexically driven strategies. Overall, the review highlights WM and aptitude as robust predictors of L2 processing efficiency and discusses implications for theory, assessment, and pedagogy.
Comprehensive Legal Regulation of Crime Reporting and Registration Procedures in Azerbaijan
Every report of a committed or planned crime must be promptly accepted, registered, and reviewed by law enforcement authorities to uphold the rule of law and effectively prevent crime. This article examines the legal and procedural framework in the Republic of Azerbaijan for receiving, registering, and accounting information on crimes and incidents. It outlines how police duty units operate 24/7 to accept information in any form (written, verbal, electronic), the mandatory documentation (protocols, receipts) for crime reports, and the maintenance of official record books for crime registrations. Special attention is given to procedures for anonymous reports, false reporting warnings, and inter-agency coordination when information falls outside police jurisdiction. The discussion highlights the importance of comprehensive record-keeping – as required by Azerbaijan’s Constitution and criminal procedure laws – and the role such information plays in criminal investigations and crime prevention. Finally, the article emphasizes that effective crime prevention requires broad measures beyond policing alone, including engaging community resources, gathering victimological data, analyzing conflict situations (conflictology), and improving social interventions for at-risk groups. These insights contribute to a better understanding of how a robust legal framework for handling crime information can bolster public safety and trust in justice institutions.
Romantic Motifs in the Works of Nizami Ganjavi
This study explores the philosophical and poetic dimensions of romantic motifs in the works of Nizami Ganjavi, emphasizing their central role in shaping the aesthetic and intellectual framework of his poetry. Nizami’s romantic vision transcends conventional depictions of love, presenting it instead as a metaphysical force that leads the human soul toward self-knowledge, spiritual elevation, and moral refinement. His masterpieces—Layli and Majnun, Khosrow and Shirin, and Iskandarnamah—demonstrate how romantic motifs operate not merely as emotional expressions but as complex symbolic structures that integrate psychology, ethics, and cosmological thought. In Layli and Majnun, love appears as an inner journey toward divine truth; Majnun’s withdrawal into the desert reflects a process of spiritual purification in which love becomes a transformative, existential experience. Khosrow and Shirin situates romantic passion within a moral landscape, portraying love as a test of character, responsibility, and ethical choice. Shirin represents idealized virtue and fidelity, while Khosrow’s struggles illustrate the tension between desire, power, and conscience. In Iskandarnamah, romantic motifs gain a philosophical dimension, intersecting with themes of wisdom, justice, and the pursuit of truth. Alexander’s physical journeys mirror his inner intellectual and spiritual ascent, and nature becomes a symbolic space for enlightenment. The study highlights Nizami’s masterful use of symbols—rose, moon, water, mountains, deserts—and his rich metaphorical language, which together construct an emotional and intellectual atmosphere characteristic of classical Eastern romanticism. Drawing on the analyses of Lewis (2016), Meisami (1998), Davis (2005), De Bruijn (2004), Məmmədova (2017), and others, the research concludes that Nizami introduced significant innovations to the romantic tradition by redefining love as a universal, transformative, and humanistic principle. His romantic aesthetics profoundly influenced Persian, Turkic, and wider Islamic literary cultures, establishing a lasting model of poetic and philosophical romanticism.
An Ecological Approach to Child Abuse and Social Protection System Analysis of Trauma Effects and İnternational Practices
This article examines child welfare with a specific focus on child abuse and neglect. In the modern era, negligence and exploitation of children remain pressing issues at both national and international levels. From an ecological perspective, children’s welfare is shaped by individual, family, and environmental factors, while the increase in risk conditions, the inadequacy of social services, and the long-term impact of trauma highlight the critical role of social work. International practice (Collins & Wright, 2022; Aurino & Giunti, 2022) shows that transforming child protection and social security systems and applying ecological and trauma-informed approaches are essential. This research analyses child abuse and neglect within ecological system theory, evaluates the effectiveness of social protection mechanisms, and, through a comparative review of international evidence (Türkkan, Odacı, & Bülbül, 2021; Akçe & Doğan, 2020; Çavuş & Çalış, 2021; Özkan, 2022), identifies factors affecting children’s welfare at the micro, meso, and macro levels. The study combines theoretical and practical perspectives, aiming to build systematic knowledge about the multi-layered determinants of child welfare and to support the improvement of social protection systems, the strengthening of children’s rights, and the development of trauma-informed interventions. Overall, the findings underline that ensuring social welfare is both a primary need for children and a key factor in preventing abuse and responding effectively when it occurs.
Women’s Empowerment and Gender Equality: Perspectives on Social Protection and Economic Policy
The article examines the gender risks and vulnerabilities that women face throughout their life course and analyzes the role of social protection and economic policies in empowering women. Gender disparities from early childhood, limited access to education and healthcare, and exposure of children and adolescents to gender-based inequalities affect women’s integration into the labor market. Time inequality between work and domestic responsibilities, employment in informal and low-income jobs, and the absence of social insurance increase women’s economic and social vulnerability.The study employs both theoretical methods (analysis, synthesis, and generalization) and empirical methods (sociological survey and observation). This approach allows for a more detailed and objective understanding of women’s rights protection and the effectiveness of gender policies. The article demonstrates that conditional cash transfers (CCTs), women-targeted subsidies, social services, and training programs are effective tools for reducing risks and enhancing women’s economic participation.The findings indicate that protecting women’s rights, designing social protection mechanisms based on gender-sensitive principles, and expanding women’s participation in the labor market are crucial for inclusive and sustainable societal development. The article provides recommendations for the development of policies and programs aimed at promoting gender equality and empowering women.
Artificial Intelligence–Driven Transformation: Rethinking the Strategic Trajectories of Higher Education Institutions
Higher education institutions (HEIs) worldwide are confronting a new era of digital transformation accelerated by artificial intelligence (AI). This article examines the global impact of AI technologies on the strategic development and planning processes of HEIs. Through a review of recent literature (2019–2025) and relevant policy analyses, we identify how AI is reshaping strategic trajectories in teaching and learning, research, and institutional management. Using a conceptual lens of digital transformation and innovation diffusion, we discuss how universities are integrating AI to gain competitive advantage, improve operational efficiency, and personalize education, while also grappling with ethical challenges, equity concerns, and governance imperatives. Case examples and thematic analysis illustrate proactive approaches – such as the emergence of “smart universities” and AI governance frameworks – as well as obstacles including faculty readiness and regulatory gaps. The findings suggest that AI is a catalyst requiring HEIs to rethink traditional models, embed AI into long-term strategies, and foster a culture of innovation and ethical stewardship. We conclude with recommendations for strategic governance in an AI-driven future, emphasizing the need for inclusive, ethical, and adaptive planning to ensure that AI becomes a multiplier of educational opportunity rather than a source of disruption.
Science in Higher Pedagogical Education System: Realities and Perspectives
This article examines the integration of scientific inquiry within Higher Pedagogical Education (HPE) and argues that research competence is essential for preparing reflective, evidence-based teachers. Drawing on contemporary scholarship, it analyzes structural, methodological, and cultural barriers that limit scientific productivity across Material, Social, and Semantic spaces. The study highlights how institutional misalignments—such as high teaching loads, insufficient infrastructure, weak research incentives, and fragmented methodological understanding—hinder the development of research-informed teachers. It further explores how digital transformation, including Learning Analytics, AI tools, and advanced modeling technologies, reshapes pedagogical research and enhances instructional capacity. Emphasis is placed on the importance of university–school partnerships, co-designed practice environments, and sustained professional development to ensure that research meaningfully informs teaching practice. The article concludes that a coordinated, system-wide strategy is required to build a sustainable research culture within HPE.
Financial Market in Azerbaijan: Development Dynamics, Strategic Steps, And Its Impact on The Economy
This article examines the development dynamics of the financial market in Azerbaijan, the key strategic steps implemented in recent years, and the overall impact of this market on the national economy. It first traces the historical evolution of Azerbaijan’s financial sector, outlining the main stages of its formation and the structural transformations that have occurred in the post-independence and modern periods. The development of the financial market is then assessed within the framework of recent reforms aimed at aligning domestic regulation, infrastructure, and instruments with regional and global financial trends. Special attention is given to the core institutions of the financial market—commercial banks, non-bank financial institutions, insurance companies, investment funds, and stock exchanges. Their roles, functional specificities, and interconnections within the broader financial system are analyzed. The article also identifies key challenges hindering further development, including market depth, diversification of financial instruments, regulatory gaps, risk management practices, and the relatively low level of financial literacy. In this context, strategic measures and reform directions proposed to overcome these constraints are discussed. The influence of the financial market on Azerbaijan’s economy is evaluated through its role in attracting foreign investment, improving the business and investment climate, enhancing access to finance for the real sector, and increasing the efficiency of capital allocation. The article offers a set of policy-oriented recommendations and outlines future steps required to ensure the sustainable and inclusive development of the financial market. It also considers how these measures can contribute to macroeconomic stability, economic diversification, and long-term growth. In conclusion, the study emphasizes that deepening institutional reforms, strengthening transparency and supervision, expanding financial instruments, and fostering investor confidence are crucial for stimulating the further development of Azerbaijan’s financial market and consolidating the country’s economic resilience and competitiveness.
A Stylistic Analysis of Proverbs and Sayings
Proverbs and sayings are compact expressions of cultural wisdom that also serve as versatile stylistic instruments. This study explores the structural, semantic, pragmatic, and intertextual possibilities of proverbs in English and world literature. Using a qualitative, descriptive methodology, 120 proverbs were analyzed from anthologies, literary texts, and contemporary media. The analysis focused on structural features such as brevity, parallelism, and rhythm; figurative devices including metaphor, symbolism, and antithesis; pragmatic functions such as didactic, persuasive, and humorous effects; and creative adaptations demonstrating intertextual resonance. Results indicate that proverbs are highly multifunctional: their concise and rhythmic structures enhance memorability and aesthetic appeal, while their figurative density allows complex ideas to be expressed succinctly. Pragmatically, proverbs adapt to different contexts and audiences, functioning in literature, oral tradition, political discourse, and digital media. Moreover, intertextual modifications illustrate their dynamic potential, bridging tradition and contemporary innovation. The study highlights the enduring relevance of proverbs as linguistic tools that combine moral, rhetorical, and aesthetic dimensions. These findings contribute to the understanding of how compact linguistic forms operate as instruments of communication, persuasion, and cultural expression.
AI-Driven Translanguaging: Enhancing Plurilingual Proficiency in EFL Classrooms
This article examines the emerging convergence between translanguaging pedagogy and Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education. Drawing on sociocultural theory, the paper argues that Large Language Models (LLMs) function as powerful mediating tools that support multilingual learners through adaptive input, situational intelligence, and mixed-language interaction. These capabilities enable students to mobilize their full linguistic repertoires, fostering deeper comprehension, metalinguistic awareness, and the development of plurilingual proficiency. The study highlights how AI-driven translanguaging can enhance equity, motivation, and cognitive engagement while offering new pathways for personalized scaffolding and reflective learning. At the same time, it critically addresses systemic challenges, including algorithmic bias, the under-representation of low-resource languages, and tensions between standardized AI output and the creative, fluid nature of translanguaging. The paper concludes with recommendations for responsible integration, professional development, and future research aimed at capturing dynamic, plurilingual growth in AI-mediated classrooms.
Text Production Features of Demonstrative Pronouns in Modern English
This study investigates the text-forming features of demonstrative pronouns in modern English by examining their semantic, syntactic, and discourse-pragmatic functions. While the classification of pronouns as an independent part of speech remains debated, the analysis demonstrates that demonstratives—this, that, these, those, such, and the same—play a central role in structuring textual meaning. Through a detailed examination of temporal, spatial, discourse, anaphoric, and cataphoric deixis, the study reveals that demonstrative pronouns contribute significantly to cohesion and coherence by reducing lexical repetition, organizing thematic continuity, and guiding reader interpretation. A key contribution of this research is the systematic differentiation between situational (direct) and contextual (in-text) demonstrative models, which clarifies how reference shifts between physical contexts and discourse environments. Additionally, the study highlights the replacement and compression functions of demonstratives, showing how they summarize or substitute complex textual units to enhance readability and information flow. The findings offer important theoretical and practical insights for text linguistics, discourse analysis, stylistics, translation studies, and language pedagogy, demonstrating that demonstrative pronouns are essential components of the text creation mechanism in modern English.
The Role of Cultural and Educational Institutions in the Development of Public Thought in The Early 20th Century
This article analyzes the significant role played by cultural and educational institutions in shaping and advancing public thought in Azerbaijan in the early 20th century. The study demonstrates that, under the colonial policy of Tsarist Russia, the development of national education became a fundamental instrument for preserving the national identity, language, and culture of the Azerbaijani people. The educational activities of prominent intellectuals such as Hasan bey Zardabi, Ali bey Huseynzade, Ahmad bey Agayev, Omar Faiq Nemanzade, and Muhammad Amin Rasulzade were decisive in awakening public consciousness and disseminating ideas of national progress. The article also examines the influence of periodicals such as Açıq Söz (Open Word), Füyuzat, and Dirilik, as well as educational societies like Nicat, Səadət, and Nəşri-Maarif, and new-type schools on the national awakening process. Ultimately, the author notes that, in the early 20th century, cultural and educational institutions became not only centers of learning but also hubs for the development of national ideology and public thought. This educational movement laid the ideological groundwork for the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.
The Callan Method in Modern ELT: Accelerating Speaking Fluency Through Direct Oral Instruction
The Callan Method is a fast-paced, speech-focused approach to English language teaching designed to develop learners’ fluency, listening comprehension, and automatic use of spoken English. Created by Robert Callan in 1960, the method emphasizes real-time communication through rapid question–answer cycles, continuous repetition, and immediate correction. Unlike traditional grammar-based instruction, the Callan Method minimizes translation from the mother tongue and encourages learners to think directly in English. Lessons are fully classroom-based, highly structured, and delivered at natural or slightly accelerated speaking speed, enabling students to internalize vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammatical patterns through constant verbal practice. Long answers, controlled vocabulary exposure, and repeated recycling of previous material support memory retention and strengthen oral performance. Small-group dynamics increase students’ speaking opportunities, while teacher guidance ensures accurate and confident production. As an efficient and engaging approach, the Callan Method remains a practical tool for learners aiming to acquire fluency quickly, particularly in contexts where intensive speaking and listening practice is required.
Cognitive Pragmatics: Mental Processes Underlying Contextual Meaning Construction
Cognitive pragmatics examines how meaning is constructed through the interaction of linguistic form, contextual cues, and underlying mental processes. Moving beyond literal language, it explains how speakers convey intentions and how listeners infer implied meaning through mechanisms such as Theory of Mind, mental representation, and relevance‐based reasoning. Drawing on foundational theories of implicature and relevance, as well as neurocognitive evidence from ERP and fMRI studies, cognitive pragmatics provides a comprehensive account of how individuals interpret indirect, figurative, and ambiguous expressions. Its interdisciplinary scope spans linguistics, psychology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and language education, offering insights into language acquisition, pragmatic impairments in ASD and aphasia, and the development of context-aware computational systems. Overall, cognitive pragmatics highlights the essential role of inference, cognition, and social knowledge in human communication and demonstrates its wide applicability across theoretical and applied domains.
Danışıq Bacarıqlarının Formalaşması və Inkişafında Əsas Amillər
Bu məqalədə xarici dil öyrənənlərdə danışıq bacarıqlarının formalaşması və inkişafını müəyyən edən əsas metodik, texnoloji və psixoloji amillər araşdırılır. Danışıq bacarığı dilin kommunikativ funksiyasının əsas göstəricisidir və onun inkişafı yalnız qrammatik biliklərlə məhdudlaşmır; nitqin axıcılığı, tələffüz, intonasiya, vurğu və qarşılıqlı ünsiyyət kimi komponentləri də əhatə edir. Tədqiqat göstərir ki, tələbə mərkəzli və kommunikativ yanaşmalar – xüsusilə Kommunikativ Dil Tədrisi (CLT), Tapşırıq-əsaslı Öyrənmə (TBL) və Problem-əsaslı Öyrənmə (PBL) – danışıq bacarıqlarının effektiv inkişafına şərait yaradır. Eyni zamanda, texnologiyanın (onlayn platformalar, mobil tətbiqlər və virtual reallıq) tədrisə inteqrasiyası tələbələrin motivasiyasını artırır, dilin praktik istifadəsini genişləndirir və fərdi öyrənməni dəstəkləyir. Məqalədə həmçinin qiymətləndirmə və geribildirim mexanizmlərinin danışıq bacarıqlarının inkişafında rolu vurğulanır. Nəticə olaraq, danışıq bacarıqlarının formalaşması kompleks, mərhələli və inteqrativ yanaşma tələb edir; müəllimin əsas vəzifəsi isə öyrənənləri fəal kommunikativ mühitə yönləndirmək və fərdi inkişaf prosesini stimullaşdırmaqdır.
The Role of Collocations in Academic Writing
Academic writing requires precision, coherence, and a formal tone, all of which are closely linked to the effective use of collocations — fixed or semi-fixed word combinations that signal lexical and stylistic appropriateness. This study investigates the role of collocations in enhancing the clarity, logical structure, and professional tone of academic texts, with a particular focus on Azerbaijani university students learning English for academic purposes. The research identifies common challenges faced by learners, including semantic mismatches, grammatical inaccuracies, native language interference, and cultural variations in English usage. Analysis of discipline-specific texts further demonstrates that humanities, social sciences, economics, and technical fields each employ distinct collocational patterns, highlighting the importance of context-aware instruction. Pedagogical strategies, including corpus-based exercises, contextualized practice, collocation dictionaries, guided rewriting, and peer feedback, are proposed to improve learners’ collocational competence and overall writing proficiency. The study concludes that mastering collocations is essential for producing coherent, credible, and stylistically appropriate academic writing, thereby enabling learners to communicate ideas effectively and align with international scholarly standards.
Şifahi Nitqin İnkişafında Psixoloji və Sosial Mühit Faktorlarının Rolu: Müasir Yanaşmalar və Praktik Həllər
Bu məqalə xarici dil öyrənənlərin şifahi nitq bacarıqlarının inkişafına mənfi təsir göstərən amillərin müəyyən edilməsinə və onların aradan qaldırılması yollarının təhlilinə həsr olunmuşdur. Müasir qloballaşma şəraitində şifahi ünsiyyət bacarığı təkcə dil biliklərinin göstəricisi deyil, həm də öyrənənin mədəniyyətlərarası qarşılıqlı əlaqədə iştirak etmə potensialını müəyyən edən əsas faktor kimi çıxış edir. Tədqiqatda psixoloji, dilçilik, metodoloji və sosial-mühit amillərinin şifahi nitqin formalaşmasına təsiri nəzərdən keçirilmişdir. Nəticələr göstərir ki, danışıq qorxusu, motivasiyanın zəifliyi, məhdud lüğət ehtiyatı və anadilin interferensiyası kimi problemlər tələbələrin sərbəst ifadə bacarığını əngəlləyir. Bununla yanaşı, ənənəvi qrammatika yönümlü təlim metodları da praktik danışıq fəaliyyətini məhdudlaşdırır. Müəllif qeyd edir ki, bu çətinliklərin aradan qaldırılması üçün kommunikativ və layihə əsaslı yanaşmalar, interaktiv fəaliyyətlər, kiçik qrup tapşırıqları və müsbət psixoloji mühitin yaradılması xüsusi əhəmiyyət kəsb edir. Məqalənin nəticələri dil tədrisinin təkmilləşdirilməsi, müəllim hazırlığı və pedaqoji innovasiyaların tətbiqi baxımından həm nəzəri, həm də praktik əhəmiyyət daşıyır.
Forma və Məna Arasında Körpü: Törəmə və Koqnitiv Dilçiliyin İnteqrasiyası
Bu məqalə dilin iki əsas elmi paradiqması — Törəmə Dilçilik və Koqnitiv Dilçilik arasında qarşılıqlı əlaqəni və bu münasibətin insan beynində dilin qavranılması və yaradılması proseslərinə necə təsir etdiyini araşdırır. Törəmə Dilçilik dili fitri və formal bir sistem kimi nəzərdən keçirərək, sintaktik əməliyyatların universallığını vurğulayır. Koqnitiv Dilçilik isə dilin ümumi idrak mexanizmləri, bədənləşmiş təcrübə və konseptual təşkilatla əlaqəsini əsas götürür. Məqalə göstərir ki, bu iki yanaşma bir-birinə zidd deyil, əksinə, bir-birini tamamlayır: Koqnitiv çərçivələr Törəmə Qrammatikanın formal strukturlarına funksional və semantik motivasiya qazandırır. Tədqiqatda sintaktik səmərəliliyin koqnitiv emal prinsipləri ilə, semantik və metaforik quruluşların isə konseptual sistemlə necə uzlaşdığı izah edilir. Müəllif iddia edir ki, dilin qrammatik strukturları yalnız formal qaydaların məhsulu deyil, həm də insanın qavrayış və təcrübəsinin neyrokoqnitiv təzahürləridir. Gələcək tədqiqatların Neyrodilçilik istiqamətində — yəni beynin sintaktik və konseptual şəbəkələrinin qarşılıqlı aktivliyini empirik olaraq izləməklə — bu nəzəriyyələri birləşdirməsi tövsiyə olunur. Nəticədə, dilin həm yaradılması, həm də qavranılması insan koqnisiyasının ən səmərəli və mükəmməl mexanizmlərindən biri kimi təqdim edilir.
Типология сложноподчинённых конструкций: русско-азербайджанские параллели и расхождения
Статья посвящена сопоставительному анализу сложноподчинённых предложений в русском и азербайджанском языках, относящихся к различным типологическим системам (флективной и агглютинативной). Цель исследования — выявить структурно-грамматические и семантико-функциональные соответствия и расхождения между основными типами придаточных (изъяснительными, определительными, подлежащными/сказуемыми, обстоятельственными) и средствами связи главной и придаточной частей. Методология включает сопоставительный, структурный и функциональный анализ. Эмпирическая база составлена из корпусных и учебных примеров, а также иллюстраций из художественных текстов. Показано, что в русском языке ключевую роль играют союзные слова (который, где, когда и др.), являющиеся членами придаточной части, тогда как в азербайджанском языке широко функционирует универсальный соединитель ki в сочетании с лексическими указателями; различается и позиционная свобода придаточных, а также переводческие решения для сравнительных и следственных конструкций. Результаты уточняют закономерности синтаксической организации сложноподчинённых конструкций в двух языках и полезны для методики преподавания, разработки упражнений трансформационного типа, а также для практики перевода и межкультурной коммуникации.
Feillərdə Dua və İstiğasə: Azərbaycan və Ərəb Dillərində Semantik-Pragmatik Yanaşma
Bu məqalə Azərbaycan və ərəb dillərində feillərin dua və istiğasə mənalarının semantik-pragmatik xüsusiyyətlərini müqayisəli-təsviri yanaşma ilə araşdırır. Tədqiqatın məqsədi arzu/əmr şəkilləri, nida və müraciət markerləri (məs., “qoy/kaş/Allah/Tanrı”; “yā/اللهمَّ/رَبَّنَا”) vasitəsilə dua (xeyir-dua, ümid) və istiğasə (yardım istəyi, sığınma) aktlarının dil göstəricilərini və emosional yüklənməsini müəyyənləşdirməkdir. Məlumat bazası gündəlik danışıq nümunələri, klassik-ədəbi mətnlər və dini mənbələrdən seçilmiş paralel cümlələrdən ibarətdir; nümunələr funksional etiketlə (dua/istiğasə), formayla (arzu/əmr/müzarə), markerlə (nida/müraciət) kodlaşdırılaraq təhlil edilmişdir. Nəticələr göstərir ki, hər iki dildə dua-istiğasə semantikası ən çox arzu və əmr şəkillərində reallaşır; nida və müraciət elementləri ifadənin emosional intensivliyini yüksəldir və nitqin məqsədini hadisənin təsvirindən münasibətin bildirilməsinə yönəldir. Azərbaycan dilində “qoy/kaş” konstruksiyaları və teonimlərin iştirakı dua funksiyasını önə çıxarır; ərəb dilində isə فِعْلُ الأَمْر və يَا/اللهمَّ/رَبَّنَا formulları güclü istiğasə effektini yaradır. Araşdırma gələcək işlər üçün korpus əsaslı tezlik və şablon modelləşdirməsini təklif edir.
The Procedure for the Enforcement of Court Decisions in Civil Cases
The significance of the examination of cases and the issuance of final judgments by courts is multifaceted and encompasses several key aspects. Courts are among the primary institutions that ensure the supremacy of law. They guarantee the proper application of legislation and the fair resolution of legal disputes. Final judgments provide a legal safeguard for the protection of citizens’ rights and freedoms. Through the rendered court decision, the instability existing within a disputed legal relationship is eliminated, and it acquires certainty, stability, and general binding force in terms of substantive law. This creates a legal opportunity for the unhindered realization of rights or interests protected by law, thereby ensuring the protection of violated or disputed subjective rights. The purpose of this article is to analyze, in an academic manner, the concept, legal nature, main types, and legal effects of court decisions in civil cases, as well as to develop recommendations for improving the quality of such decisions, taking into account current legal practice and scholarly literature. The article employs a parallel approach to the use of legal norms, legal scholarship, and judicial practice.
“Kitabi-Dədə Qorqud” Dastanlarında Məsdər Tərkiblərinin İsmə Xas Xüsusiyyətləri
Bu məqalədə “Kitabi-Dədə Qorqud” dastanlarında rast gələn məsdər tərkiblərinin isim cəhətləri araşdırılır. Dilçilik ədəbiyyatında məlum olduğu kimi, məsdər həm fel, həm də isim xüsusiyyətlərini daşıyan qeyri-təsriflənən formadır. Bununla əlaqədar, məsdər tərkibləri məsdərin əvvəlki sözlərlə qrammatik əlaqəyə girməsi nəticəsində yaranır və həmin tərkiblər adətən cümlədə subyekt və ya tamamlıq rolunu oynayır. “Kitabi-Dədə Qorqud” dastanları Azərbaycan türkcəsinin qədim yazılı nümunəsi olaraq dilçilik üçün zəngin mənbədir. Məqalədə məsdər tərkiblərinin Azərbaycan dilinin isim halları – adlıq, yiyəlik, yönlük, təsirlik, yerlik, çıxışlıq – üzrə formalaşan növləri ayrıca tədqiq edilib. Hər halda məsdərin alacağı şəkilçilər və bu şəkilçilərin cümlə daxilində funksiyası nümunələrlə izah edilir. Məsələn, Azərbaycan dilində məsdər -maq/ -mək şəkilçisi ilə düzəlir və çox vaxt köməkçi fel olmadan işlənə bilər; məsdər formaları ismi funksiyalar daşıya bilir (mübtəda, tamamlıq və s.). Nəticə etibarilə, “Kitabi-Dədə Qorqud” dastanlarında məsdər tərkibləri həm felin, həm də ismin xüsusiyyətlərini nümayiş etdirir və hər bir isim halında xüsusi anlam və funksionalyönəlik nümayiş etdirirlər.
Bu məqalədə Azərbaycan dilində fel kateqoriyasına aid qrammatik arxaizmlər araşdırılır və onların tarixi inkişafı, funksional dəyişiklikləri, müasir dildəki qalıqları, eləcə də istifadədən çıxma səbəbləri təhlil edilir. Tədqiqatın məqsədi qədim və orta əsrlərə aid yazılı abidələrdə rast gəlinən, amma müasir ədəbi dildə ya tamamilə unudulan, ya da məhdud şəkildə qorunub saxlanılan fel şəkilçiləri və formalarını elmi cəhətdən izah etməkdir. Məqalədə əvvəlcə “qrammatik arxaizm” anlayışı dəqiqləşdirilir, sonra isə feillərin müxtəlif morfoloji formalarında müşahidə olunan spesifik arxaik nümunələr (məsələn, qədim feili bağlama şəkilçiləri, unudulmuş əmr və keçmiş zaman şəkilləri və s.) konkret nümunələrlə göstərilir. Eyni zamanda, bu formaların qədim türk dillərində izləri və digər türk dillərindəki paralelləri də qeyd olunur. Tədqiqat göstərir ki, bəzi arxaik fel formaları müasir dildə əsasən dialektlərdə, xalq dili nümunələrində və poetik mətnlərdə qalmaqdadır. Belə arxaizmlər üzərində işləmək tarixi qrammatikanın və ümumi dilçiliyin inkişafına töhfə verir, eyni zamanda dilin semantik və üslubi zənginliyini artırmağa imkan yaradır.
Словообразовательные особенности сложных наречий в русском и азербайджанском языках
В статье рассматриваются морфологические особенности сложных наречий в русском и азербайджанском языках в сравнительном аспекте. Анализируются способы словообразования наречий (префиксальный, суффиксальный, префиксально-суффиксальный, а также конверсия) и их семантические значения. Выявляются типичные форманты наречий, формирующие транспозиционные, относительные, предельные и другие значения признаков. Особое внимание уделяется сложным наречиям с первым компонентом пол-, приставкой за-, в- и т.д. На материале современного языка отмечаются продуктивность и стилевые оттенки различных образований. Сравнительно-типологический анализ выявляет общие черты и различия в системе наречий русского (флективного) и азербайджанского (агглютинативного) языков, в частности способы образования сравнительной степени и роль служебных слов (например, «дага» = «более») в азербайджанском. В заключении подчёркивается значение выявленных закономерностей для теории словообразования.