Global Spectrum of Research and Humanities
type: channel
description: Global Spectrum of Research and Humanities (GSRH) is a peer-reviewed, diamond open-access journal published four times a year (Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter). All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). Authors retain full copyright of their work. Under this license, anyone may freely share, copy, distribute, translate, adapt, and build upon the published material for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and source, a link to the license is included, and any modifications are indicated. License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
publisher: Hasan Alisoy
language: en
publication name: Global Spectrum of Research and Humanities
issn: 3007-9136
copyright: This journal publishes all articles under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). Authors retain copyright of their work. Anyone may freely share, copy, distribute, adapt, and build upon the published material for any purpose, including commercial use, provided that appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and source, a link to the license is provided, and any changes made are indicated. License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
items: The Formation of Traditions in Applying the Formal and Genre Features of Classical European Music to National Music through Uzeyir Hajibeyli’s Opera Leyli and Majnun
items: Major Challenges in Learning Russian as a Foreign Language in Azerbaijani Schools: Interlingual Interference, Pedagogical Barriers, and Contemporary Methodological Solutions
items: Personalized Language Learning Through Artificial Intelligence: A New Era of Adaptive Education
items: Artificial Intelligence in Language Education: Human-AI Interaction, Pedagogical Design, and Ethical Challenges
items: The Effects of Online Learning on Student Engagement and Achievement
items: Methodology of Teaching the System of Verb Conjugation to a Non-Russian-Speaking Audience: Problems and Ways to Solve Them
items: The Role of Digital Governance in Economic Development: The Case of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
items: Sosial İşin Fəlsəfi Aspektləri: Nəzəri-Metodoloji Yanaşmalar və Müasir Tendensiyalar
items: Gori Teachers' Seminary, Its Graduate from Lankaran, and the Formation of the First Girls' School in Lankaran
items: Pragmatic Failure in Agentic LLM Systems: An Analysis Through Gricean Maxims and Speech Act Theory
items: The "Armed Michel" Identity of Ahmadia Jabrayilov in the Context of the Second World War
items: The Impact of Industrialization Policy on Interregional Economic Equality and Competitiveness
items: Heydar Aliyev and the Sustainable Development Strategy of the Republic of Azerbaijan
items: Dubbing and Subtitling as Modes of Audiovisual Translation: Constraints, Strategies, and Cultural Challenges in English–Turkish and English–Azerbaijani Transfers
items: Text Semantics and Text Pragmatics: On the Study of Meaning and Use in Language
items: Azerbaijan's Place in Global Urban Policy in the Context of World Urban Forum 13 (WUF13)
items: Construction and Application of Aviation English Corpus
items: Müasir Azərbaycan dövlətçiliyinin möhkəmləndirilməsində Heydər Əliyev siyasi kursu
items: The Role of Information Infrastructure in Strengthening Entrepreneurial Activity
items: Transformer Attention for Personalized L2 Feedback in CALL
items: From Speech Acts to Market Acts: Linguistics Meets Economics
items: The Structure, Formation, and Use of Gerundial Constructions in the English Language
items: Formation of a Management Accounting System in Business Activities
items: The Role of Oqtay Zulfugarov’s Songs in Shaping Children’s Musical Taste, Ilhama Mammadova
items: National Style and Modern Musical Thinking in Tofiq Guliyev’s Song Creativity
items: Biznes fəaliyyətinin stimullaşdırılması mexanizmlərinin əsas istiqamətləri
items: Constitutional and Legal Status of Prosecution Services in Turkic States: A Comparative Analysis
items: The Role of the Human Factor and Awareness in Cybersecurity
items: Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Decision Support and Optimization within Information Systems
items: The Economic Foundations of the Atabegs’ (Eldenizids’) Power: An Analysis of Commodity Exchange and Urban Planning Policy

The Formation of Traditions in Applying the Formal and Genre Features of Classical European Music to National Music through Uzeyir Hajibeyli’s Opera Leyli and Majnun
type: item
description: Uzeyir Hajibeyli’s creative legacy remains relevant across generations and constitutes one of the richest foundations of Azerbaijani national culture. His innovative contribution lies in redirecting a musical culture that had developed for centuries through oral tradition toward new professional and democratic forms. This article examines how Hajibeyli’s first opera, Leyli and Majnun, established traditions for integrating the formal and genre features of classical European music into Azerbaijani national music. Using historical, comparative, analytical, and descriptive methods, the study considers the opera’s overture, solo, ensemble and choral numbers, orchestral episodes, dramaturgical development, modal system, and use of polyphonic techniques. The analysis shows that the synthesis of mugham with classical opera principles created a new national direction in the genre. The overture introduced elements associated with sonata-allegro form; the choral writing supported the professional development of vocal and choral performance; and the symphonic episodes contributed to the emergence of symphonic thinking in Azerbaijani music. The article concludes that Leyli and Majnun not only defined Hajibeyli’s individual creative path but also laid a foundation for the Azerbaijani school of composition and for the broader integration of national musical culture into world music.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: composer
  topic: keywords
subject: music
  topic: keywords
subject: opera
  topic: keywords
subject: genre
  topic: keywords
subject: form
  topic: keywords
subject: national music
  topic: keywords
creator: Saida Ahmadova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-27
publication date: 2026-07-27
starting page: 43
ending page: 50
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0260303004

Major Challenges in Learning Russian as a Foreign Language in Azerbaijani Schools: Interlingual Interference, Pedagogical Barriers, and Contemporary Methodological Solutions
type: item
description: This article examines the principal challenges that Azerbaijani school learners encounter when studying Russian as a foreign language and offers a synthesis of contemporary methodological responses. Drawing on second language acquisition theory and empirical research on crosslinguistic influence, the study analyses systematic difficulties emerging from the substantial typological distance between Russian (an inflectional Indo-European language) and Azerbaijani (an agglutinative Turkic language). Particular attention is paid to phonetic interference, mastery of grammatical gender, the six-case declension system, verbal aspect, word-order flexibility, and stress placement — categories that are either absent or structured differently in the learners' first language. The paper further investigates lexical acquisition difficulties, psychological and motivational barriers, and methodological limitations of grammar-translation-based instruction still prevalent in many national schools. A qualitative synthesis of recent literature, methodological handbooks, and classroom-based studies is complemented by an analysis of typical learner errors documented in Azerbaijani educational contexts. The findings indicate that interlingual interference is the single most influential factor shaping learner output at the early and intermediate stages, and that its effects can be substantially mitigated through communicative, task-based, and technology-enhanced instruction combined with systematic contrastive pedagogy. The study concludes that effective Russian-language instruction in Azerbaijani schools requires an integrated approach that accounts for learners' national and linguistic backgrounds, cultivates a supportive language environment, and balances explicit form-focused instruction with meaningful communicative practice.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Russian as a foreign language
  topic: keywords
subject: Azerbaijani learners
  topic: keywords
subject: interlingual interference
  topic: keywords
subject: second language acquisition
  topic: keywords
subject: teaching methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: phonetics
  topic: keywords
subject: grammar
  topic: keywords
subject: lexicon
  topic: keywords
subject: learner motivation
  topic: keywords
subject: communicative approach
  topic: keywords
creator: Sadagat Rasulova
creator: Ramziya Askerova
creator: Lyudmila Guliyeva
creator: Namig Abbasov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-02
publication date: 2026-07-02
starting page: 32
ending page: 42
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0260303003

Personalized Language Learning Through Artificial Intelligence: A New Era of Adaptive Education
type: item
description: Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed educational practices, particularly in language learning. Traditional language education often follows standardized teaching approaches that may not address the diverse needs, learning speeds, and preferences of individual learners. AI-driven technologies have introduced personalized learning systems capable of adapting instructional content, assessment, and feedback according to learner performance and behaviour. This study explores the role of AI in personalized language learning and examines how adaptive educational technologies improve learner engagement, motivation, and language proficiency. Using a qualitative review of recent literature and case studies from AI-based language learning platforms, the paper investigates the effectiveness of AI in vocabulary acquisition, grammar improvement, speaking practice, and learner autonomy. Findings suggest that AI-powered adaptive systems enhance language learning outcomes by providing immediate feedback, personalized recommendations, and continuous assessment. However, challenges such as privacy concerns, technological accessibility, and overdependence on automated systems remain significant. The study concludes that AI represents a transformative force in language education, offering innovative opportunities for adaptive and learner-centred education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: language learning
  topic: keywords
subject: personalized learning
  topic: keywords
subject: adaptive education
  topic: keywords
subject: educational technology
  topic: keywords
subject: learner autonomy
  topic: keywords
subject: natural language processing
  topic: keywords
creator: Javid Babayev
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-02
publication date: 2026-07-02
starting page: 23
ending page: 31
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0260303002

Artificial Intelligence in Language Education: Human-AI Interaction, Pedagogical Design, and Ethical Challenges
type: item
description: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into language education has moved well beyond the deployment of automated grammar checkers and rudimentary machine translation tools. Today, AI reshapes the fundamental relationships among teachers, learners, language, and knowledge. This article presents a theoretically grounded analysis of how AI systems are reconfiguring language teaching, language learning, translation-mediated tasks, and academic writing in both first- and second-language educational contexts. Drawing on the literature in computer-assisted language learning (CALL), educational technology, and human-computer interaction, the article develops an original Triadic Human-AI Interaction Framework that conceptualises the dynamic and mutually constitutive roles of AI systems, teachers, and learners. The framework foregrounds human-AI collaboration as a relational and pedagogically purposeful process rather than a matter of mere tool adoption. Four thematic domains are examined in depth: (1) AI-mediated instructional design and teacher mediation; (2) learner autonomy and personalisation; (3) AI-assisted feedback and assessment; and (4) academic writing and translation-related tasks. The article further addresses a constellation of ethical challenges — privacy, algorithmic bias, transparency, academic integrity, the risk of overreliance, and teacher AI literacy — arguing that these issues are not peripheral but constitutive concerns for responsible AI integration. Implications for pedagogical theory and classroom practice are offered, together with an agenda for future research.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: language education
  topic: keywords
subject: human-AI interaction
  topic: keywords
subject: pedagogical design
  topic: keywords
subject: learner autonomy
  topic: keywords
subject: teacher mediation
  topic: keywords
subject: academic writing
  topic: keywords
subject: machine translation
  topic: keywords
subject: ethical challenges
  topic: keywords
subject: CALL
  topic: keywords
creator: Zarifa Sadigzade
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-07-02
publication date: 2026-07-02
starting page: 5
ending page: 22
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0260303001

The Effects of Online Learning on Student Engagement and Achievement
type: item
description: Online learning has become an integral component of contemporary education as a result of rapid technological improvements and ubiquitous internet access. This development has been particularly significant in light of global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which accelerated the transition from traditional face-to-face education to online learning environments. Online education offers flexibility and accessibility, enabling learners to acquire knowledge at their own pace and to access instructional resources from anywhere. These characteristics can help improve academic performance and foster the development of autonomous learning skills. Nevertheless, online learning presents a number of challenges. The absence of direct interaction between learners and educators may decrease interest and foster feelings of isolation. Learners frequently struggle with confidence, time management, and sustaining attention during virtual classes. Technical challenges, such as limited internet connectivity or insufficient access to digital devices, can exacerbate the learning process and create disparities among learners. The use of multimedia resources, such as videos, animations, and interactive exercises, has the potential to increase comprehension and involvement; however, the effectiveness of these technologies depends on their proper application and the degree of student participation. Educator leadership, course design, and regular feedback all play important roles in increasing learner engagement. The article concludes that the success of online learning depends on the ability of students, educators, and institutions to adapt to digital settings, and that a balanced strategy combining technological advancement with sound teaching practices is required to promote student engagement and academic achievement in online education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: online learning
  topic: keywords
subject: student engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: academic achievement
  topic: keywords
subject: synchronous classrooms
  topic: keywords
subject: multimedia materials
  topic: keywords
subject: digital education
  topic: keywords
subject: inclusive education
  topic: keywords
subject: mobile-assisted learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Afsana Mirjalal Orujlu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-26
publication date: 2026-06-26
starting page: 131
ending page: 135
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.02603020014

Methodology of Teaching the System of Verb Conjugation to a Non-Russian-Speaking Audience: Problems and Ways to Solve Them
type: item
description: The article examines methodological approaches to teaching the Russian verb conjugation system to Azerbaijani-speaking learners. The relevance of the study is determined by the high frequency of grammatical errors caused by interlingual interference and structural differences between the Russian and Azerbaijani morphological systems. Special attention is given to the analysis of typical difficulties in acquiring categories of person, number, verb conjugation types, as well as irregular and heteroconjugated verbs. Based on teaching practice, the main groups of errors and their underlying causes are identified. The study proposes methodological solutions aimed at improving teaching effectiveness, including communicative approaches, algorithmization of grammatical material, visualization techniques, and the use of digital tools. The results demonstrate that the integration of traditional and innovative methods contributes to the formation of stable grammatical competence and reduces the influence of language interference. The study concludes that systematic consideration of learners' native language is essential in teaching the Russian verb system.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Russian as a foreign language
  topic: keywords
subject: verb conjugation
  topic: keywords
subject: Azerbaijani-speaking learners
  topic: keywords
subject: interlingual interference
  topic: keywords
subject: grammatical competence
  topic: keywords
subject: teaching methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: communicative approach
  topic: keywords
subject: language errors
  topic: keywords
subject: digital learning technologies
  topic: keywords
creator: Nuride Ganbarova
creator: Flora Mirzeyeva
creator: Namig Abbasov
creator: Lyudmila Guliyeva
creator: Vafa Gurbanova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-18
publication date: 2026-06-18
starting page: 111
ending page: 130
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.02603020013

The Role of Digital Governance in Economic Development: The Case of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
type: item
description: Digital governance has become a central instrument of economic modernisation, enabling states and subnational regions to enhance administrative efficiency, reduce corruption, attract investment, and integrate into the global knowledge economy. This article examines the role of digital governance in the economic development of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, an exclave of the Republic of Azerbaijan whose geographic isolation and distinctive economic conditions make digital transformation particularly consequential. Drawing on the international literature on e-government and economic growth, the experience of Azerbaijan's nationally recognised digital governance reforms — including the ASAN service model and the e-government portal — and the specific developmental context of Nakhchivan, the study analyses the mechanisms through which digital governance contributes to economic development: the reduction of transaction costs, the improvement of transparency and accountability, the facilitation of entrepreneurship and small-business formation, and the support of economic diversification beyond traditional sectors. The article argues that for a geographically constrained region such as Nakhchivan, digital governance offers a uniquely valuable pathway to overcome the limitations of physical isolation by reducing the friction of administrative processes, broadening access to public services, and connecting local economic actors to national and international markets. The study concludes with policy recommendations for strengthening digital governance capacity in Nakhchivan and identifies directions for future empirical research.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: digital governance
  topic: keywords
subject: e-government
  topic: keywords
subject: economic development
  topic: keywords
subject: Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
  topic: keywords
subject: Azerbaijan
  topic: keywords
subject: ASAN service
  topic: keywords
subject: public administration
  topic: keywords
subject: economic diversification
  topic: keywords
subject: transparency
  topic: keywords
subject: regional development
  topic: keywords
creator: Elchin Safarov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-16
publication date: 2026-06-16
starting page: 101
ending page: 110
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.02603020012

Sosial İşin Fəlsəfi Aspektləri: Nəzəri-Metodoloji Yanaşmalar və Müasir Tendensiyalar
type: item
description: Məqalədə sosial işin fəlsəfi aspektləri, onun nəzəri-metodoloji əsasları və müasir cəmiyyətdə dəyişən funksiyaları kompleks şəkildə araşdırılır. Tədqiqatın əsas məqsədi sosial işi yalnız yardım və xidmət mexanizmi kimi deyil, insan ləyaqəti, sosial ədalət, hüquqlar, məsuliyyət və rifah ideyaları üzərində qurulan humanist sosial institut kimi təhlil etməkdir. Məqalədə sosial işin ontoloji və aksioloji əsasları, sistemli, ekoloji, gücləndirmə, hüquq əsaslı və refleksiv yanaşmalar kontekstində şərh olunur. Eyni zamanda sosial dövlət modeli, qloballaşma, miqrasiya, rəqəmsallaşma və etik dilemmlər sosial işin müasir çağırışları kimi təqdim edilir. Araşdırma göstərir ki, sosial işin fəlsəfi məzmunu onun praktik fəaliyyətinin istiqamətini müəyyənləşdirir: sosial işçi yalnız fərdi problemin həllinə deyil, həm də insanın sosial imkanlarının genişləndirilməsinə, cəmiyyətə inteqrasiyasına və struktur bərabərsizliyin azaldılmasına xidmət edir. Nəticədə sosial iş davamlı sosial inkişaf, insan hüquqlarının qorunması və sosial rifahın gücləndirilməsi baxımından strateji əhəmiyyət daşıyan peşəkar və elmi fəaliyyət sahəsi kimi qiymətləndirilir.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: sosial iş
  topic: keywords
subject: sosial fəlsəfə
  topic: keywords
subject: humanizm
  topic: keywords
subject: sosial ədalət
  topic: keywords
subject: insan hüquqları
  topic: keywords
subject: sosial dövlət
  topic: keywords
subject: sosial rifah
  topic: keywords
subject: etik məsuliyyət
  topic: keywords
subject: qloballaşma
  topic: keywords
subject: rəqəmsal sosial xidmətlər
  topic: keywords
creator: Aygün Vəli Ələkbər
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-02
publication date: 2026-06-02
starting page: 91
ending page: 100
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.02603020011

Gori Teachers' Seminary, Its Graduate from Lankaran, and the Formation of the First Girls' School in Lankaran
type: item
description: Məqalədə XIX əsrin sonu və XX əsrin əvvəllərində Azərbaycan maarifçilik tarixinin mühüm mərhələlərindən biri olan Qori Müəllimlər Seminariyasının fəaliyyəti, bu seminariyanın Azərbaycan şöbəsinin formalaşması və onun yetişdirdiyi milli pedaqoji kadrların bölgələrdə maarif mühitinin inkişafına təsiri araşdırılır. Tədqiqatın əsas diqqəti seminariyanın ilk azərbaycanlı məzunlarından biri olan Teymur bəy Bayraməlibəyovun həyat və fəaliyyətinə, onun Lənkəranda yeni üsullu məktəblərin, qiraətxana və xeyriyyə təşəbbüslərinin təşkilindəki roluna yönəldilmişdir. Məqalədə həmçinin Lənkəranda qızların təhsilə cəlb olunması prosesi, "Ünas" qız məktəbinin yaradılması və Məryəm xanım Bayraməlibəyovanın bu maarifçilik ənənəsini davam etdirməsi təhlil edilir. Araşdırma göstərir ki, Bayraməlibəyovlar ailəsinin fəaliyyəti yalnız lokal pedaqoji hadisə deyil, Azərbaycan maarifçilik tarixində ana dili, dünyəvi təhsil, qadın təhsili və vətəndaş məsuliyyəti ideyalarının bölgə səviyyəsində həyata keçirilməsinin mühüm nümunəsidir.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Qori Müəllimlər Seminariyası
  topic: keywords
subject: Azərbaycan maarifçiliyi
  topic: keywords
subject: ; Teymur bəy Bayraməlibəyov
  topic: keywords
subject: Lənkəran
  topic: keywords
subject: qız məktəbi; Məryəm Bayraməlibəyova
  topic: keywords
subject: pedaqoji fikir
  topic: keywords
subject: ana dili təhsili
  topic: keywords
creator: Afaq Qasım qızı Qasımova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-06-02
publication date: 2026-06-02
starting page: 85
ending page: 90
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.02603020010

Pragmatic Failure in Agentic LLM Systems: An Analysis Through Gricean Maxims and Speech Act Theory
type: item
description: As autonomous AI agents are deployed across consequential domains — healthcare, legal assistance, financial planning, and software engineering — their communicative competence has emerged as a critical yet underexamined dimension of reliability. The present article investigates pragmatic failure in agentic large language model (LLM) systems: situations in which agents violate Gricean conversational maxims or misinterpret the illocutionary force of user utterances during multi-step task execution. Drawing on Grice’s (1975) Cooperative Principle and Searle’s (1969, 1975) Speech Act Theory, we develop a two-level annotation scheme for characterising pragmatic failure in agentic interaction logs and a typology of the failure modes that the scheme is designed to capture. We situate this framework within current debates on LLM pragmatic competence and demonstrate its application through illustrative analysis of interaction patterns documented in the existing literature. We further outline a planned empirical study applying the scheme to publicly available agentic benchmark data. The framework produces three practical outputs: a typology of pragmatic failure modes in agents, a reusable annotation scheme with operational coding criteria, and design recommendations for pragmatically-aware agent evaluation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: pragmatic failure
  topic: keywords
subject: conversational implicature
  topic: keywords
subject: speech act theory
  topic: keywords
subject: agentic AI
  topic: keywords
subject: large language models
  topic: keywords
subject: Gricean maxims
  topic: keywords
subject: human-AI interaction
  topic: keywords
subject: agent evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Zarifa Sadigzada
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 71
ending page: 84
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0260302009

The "Armed Michel" Identity of Ahmadia Jabrayilov in the Context of the Second World War
type: item
description: This article examines the life and activities of Ahmadia Jabrayilov, an Azerbaijani combatant distinguished by his extraordinary life trajectory and heroism during the Second World War. It provides a detailed account of his capture during the war, his escape from a Nazi camp, and his subsequent relocation to France, where he actively participated in the French Resistance under the alias "Armed Michel." The study highlights his involvement in various covert operations, his actions against enemy forces, and his bravery in rescuing civilians, particularly children, supported by factual evidence. Furthermore, the article addresses the recognition he received from France through high state honours, as well as the difficult phase of his life after returning to the Soviet Union following the war. The findings demonstrate that Ahmadia Jabrayilov is not only a nationally significant figure but also an internationally recognised hero, whose life represents a vivid example of patriotism, resilience, and humanitarian values.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ahmadia Jabrayilov
  topic: keywords
subject: Second World War
  topic: keywords
subject: French Resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: Armed Michel
  topic: keywords
subject: partisan movement
  topic: keywords
subject: heroism
  topic: keywords
subject: patriotism
  topic: keywords
subject: Azerbaijani heroes
  topic: keywords
creator: Mahsati Qasim qızı Əsgərova
creator: Qadir Haşim oğlu Məmmədzadə
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-13
publication date: 2026-05-13
starting page: 66
ending page: 70
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0260302008

The Impact of Industrialization Policy on Interregional Economic Equality and Competitiveness
type: item
description: Industrialization policy is one of the key strategic instruments for accelerating the economic development of regions, modernizing production sectors, and fostering competitive advantages. In an era of intensified global economic integration and technological innovation, this policy extends beyond the mere increase of industrial production to encompass the objectives of ensuring interregional economic equality and supporting sustainable development. The successful implementation of industrialization policy facilitates the optimal allocation of resources, modernization of infrastructure, enhancement of innovation potential, and qualitative improvement of human capital. This study comparatively analyses national development strategies and international experience to identify the mechanisms through which industrialization policy impacts economic equality and competitiveness. The analysis reveals that a purposeful and systematic industrialization policy reduces interregional economic disparities, strengthens local production and export potential, and enhances national competitiveness. The study further examines the role of the state in creating a competitive environment, the formation of national innovation systems, and the importance of public–private partnerships in technology development. The continuous and inclusive implementation of industrialization policy is identified as a necessary condition for the balanced development of regional economies and the consolidation of national competitive positions in the global market.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: industrialization
  topic: keywords
subject: regional development
  topic: keywords
subject: economic equality
  topic: keywords
subject: competitiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: infrastructure
  topic: keywords
subject: human capital
  topic: keywords
subject: state policy
  topic: keywords
subject: public–private partnership
  topic: keywords
subject: national innovation system
  topic: keywords
creator: Jale Seyidova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-06
publication date: 2026-05-06
starting page: 59
ending page: 65
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0260302007

Heydar Aliyev and the Sustainable Development Strategy of the Republic of Azerbaijan
type: item
description: This study analyses the essence, structural components, and interaction mechanisms of the sustainable development strategy implemented by Heydar Aliyev in the Republic of Azerbaijan. The research was conducted to systematically assess the conceptual foundations and long-term implications of the development model formed during the early years of independence amid profound political and economic crises. The study employs a qualitative methodology encompassing historical-comparative analysis, examination of legal and policy documents, interpretation of statistical indicators, and an institutional analytical framework. The findings reveal that the strategy was built upon the balanced interaction of three core components: a strong state, an efficient economy, and a free individual. The strong state ensured institutional stability and provided a reliable environment for investment and reform; the efficient economy stimulated growth through market transitions and major energy projects — most notably the historic Contract of the Century signed in 1994; and the free individual component strengthened social sustainability by establishing a constitutional and legal framework that promoted entrepreneurship, civic freedom, and human capital development. These results demonstrate that Heydar Aliyev's model functioned as an adaptive, phased, and visionary transformation strategy that laid the structural and institutional foundations for Azerbaijan's long-term socio-economic stability, international integration, and development trajectory.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Heydar Aliyev
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable development
  topic: keywords
subject: strong state
  topic: keywords
subject: efficient economy
  topic: keywords
subject: free individual
  topic: keywords
subject: market economy
  topic: keywords
subject: Azerbaijan
  topic: keywords
subject: Contract of the Century
  topic: keywords
subject: institutional development
  topic: keywords
subject: national strategy
  topic: keywords
creator: Sakina Ibrahimova Adalat
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-05
publication date: 2026-05-05
starting page: 50
ending page: 58
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0260302006

Dubbing and Subtitling as Modes of Audiovisual Translation: Constraints, Strategies, and Cultural Challenges in English–Turkish and English–Azerbaijani Transfers
type: item
description: Audiovisual translation (AVT) has emerged as one of the most socially significant and professionally demanding branches of contemporary translation studies. This article examines dubbing and subtitling as the two dominant modes of screen translation, analysing their technical constraints, translation strategies, and cultural challenges with particular attention to English-to-Turkish and English-to-Azerbaijani language transfers. Drawing on multimodal discourse theory, functional equivalence approaches, and the domestication–foreignisation framework, the study argues that AVT is a constraint-driven communicative practice in which linguistic choices are inseparable from synchronisation requirements, reading speed limits, character constraints, and viewer reception conditions. The article demonstrates that dubbing prioritises lip synchrony, isochrony, and natural speech adaptation, motivating stronger cultural reformulation and domestication, while subtitling is governed by condensation and reduction strategies that preserve closer proximity to the source text. A comparative case-study analysis of humour, idioms, pragmatic markers, and culturally specific references illustrates the mode-specific challenges that translators face in Turkic-language target contexts. The findings indicate that neither mode is universally superior: each serves different communicative functions and audience needs. The article concludes with recommendations for mode-sensitive quality assessment and translator competence development in AVT.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: audiovisual translation
  topic: keywords
subject: dubbing
  topic: keywords
subject: subtitling
  topic: keywords
subject: multimodality
  topic: keywords
subject: screen translation
  topic: keywords
subject: English–Azerbaijani
  topic: keywords
subject: English–Turkish
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural adaptation
  topic: keywords
subject: translation constraints
  topic: keywords
subject: equivalence
  topic: keywords
creator: Ayten Nesirli
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
starting page: 39
ending page: 49
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0260302005

Text Semantics and Text Pragmatics: On the Study of Meaning and Use in Language
type: item
description: This article examines the intersecting domains of text semantics and text pragmatics as two fundamental and complementary dimensions of linguistic inquiry. Text semantics is concerned with the systematic study of meaning encoded within textual structures — how words, sentences, and larger discourse units convey propositional content, referential relations, and conceptual information. Text pragmatics, by contrast, investigates how that meaning is deployed, interpreted, and negotiated in context, foregrounding the role of communicative intention, social convention, and situational knowledge in shaping utterance interpretation. Drawing on theoretical frameworks from structural linguistics, discourse analysis, speech act theory, relevance theory, and cognitive semantics, this paper argues that neither dimension can be fully understood in isolation: semantic content provides the linguistic scaffolding upon which pragmatic inference operates, while pragmatic context continuously shapes and constrains the activation of semantic meaning. The article traces the historical development of both fields, maps their theoretical boundaries and points of convergence, and illustrates key concepts through textual analysis. Special attention is given to the phenomena of implicature, presupposition, coherence, cohesion, and intertextuality as zones where semantic and pragmatic processes are most visibly intertwined. The study concludes that a unified, integrated approach to text meaning — one that treats semantics and pragmatics as mutually constitutive rather than opposed — offers the most productive framework for understanding how language achieves its communicative function in real-world use.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: text semantics
  topic: keywords
subject: text pragmatics
  topic: keywords
subject: meaning
  topic: keywords
subject: implicature
  topic: keywords
subject: presupposition
  topic: keywords
subject: discourse analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: coherence
  topic: keywords
subject: speech act theory
  topic: keywords
subject: relevance theory
  topic: keywords
subject: linguistic context
  topic: keywords
creator: Hasan Alisoy
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-21
publication date: 2026-04-21
starting page: 28
ending page: 38
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0260302004

Azerbaijan's Place in Global Urban Policy in the Context of World Urban Forum 13 (WUF13)
type: item
description: This article explores Azerbaijan's evolving role in global urban policy within the framework of the World Urban Forum 13. In an era where urbanization has become one of the defining forces of global development, cities are increasingly recognized as central actors in addressing complex challenges such as climate change, economic inequality, infrastructure development, and sustainable growth. As a result, urban governance has expanded beyond national boundaries and become a key area of international cooperation. Within this context, Azerbaijan has positioned itself as an emerging contributor to global urban discourse. The country has undertaken significant urban modernization and infrastructure development initiatives, particularly in rapidly transforming cities such as Baku. These efforts reflect a strategic national vision aimed at improving urban sustainability, enhancing quality of life, and integrating innovative planning approaches into city development. Furthermore, Azerbaijan's participation in global platforms like WUF13 demonstrates its commitment to engaging with international partners and contributing to the exchange of best practices in urban development. The country's geographical position, combined with its economic and logistical significance, further strengthens its role in regional and global urban networks. Overall, the article argues that Azerbaijan is steadily strengthening its presence in global urban policy debates. Its engagement in WUF13 highlights not only its domestic urban transformation but also its aspiration to become an active and influential participant in shaping the future of sustainable cities worldwide.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: World Urban Forum 13
  topic: keywords
subject: urban governance
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable urban development
  topic: keywords
subject: policy framework
  topic: keywords
subject: international cooperation
  topic: keywords
subject: strategic positioning
  topic: keywords
subject: urban transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: global urban agenda
  topic: keywords
subject: infrastructural modernization
  topic: keywords
subject: socio-economic development
  topic: keywords
creator: Farid Ibrahimov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-18
publication date: 2026-04-18
starting page: 21
ending page: 27
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0260302003

Construction and Application of Aviation English Corpus
type: item
description: Against the backdrop of integrated development and standardized management in global aviation, aviation English, as the universal working language, is intrinsically tied to aviation safety and operational efficiency. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has established uniform language proficiency standards for relevant practitioners to regulate international flight communications. Nevertheless, conventional aviation English teaching and research are plagued by bottlenecks including non-standard corpora, a disconnect between instructional content and real-world operational scenarios, and a shortage of objective empirical evidence. Corpus linguistics provides a scientific approach for the reform and upgrading of aviation English education. Focusing on the development of a dedicated aviation English corpus, this paper expounds the theoretical value and practical significance of corpus linguistics in aviation foreign language education, and details the full corpus construction process covering design principles, collection of authentic spoken and written data, and optimization of the intelligent management system. It also explores the application pathways of the corpus in syllabus optimization, textbook compilation, situational teaching, empirical research, and test development. Besides, this study summarizes future trends in aviation English corpus research, including multimodal evolution, digital empowerment, and open sharing, and puts forward targeted optimization strategies. Empirical results demonstrate that professional corpora feature authenticity and professional relevance, which can furnish data support for teaching reform, interdisciplinary research, and assessment improvement. Such corpora help break the limitations of traditional teaching, promote the intelligent and personalized development of aviation English education, and support the cultivation of international aviation talents and the high-quality development of the civil aviation indu…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: aviation English
  topic: keywords
subject: corpus construction
  topic: keywords
subject: corpus application
  topic: keywords
subject: civil aviation English teaching
  topic: keywords
subject: English for Specific Purposes (ESP)
  topic: keywords
creator: Zeqi LIU
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-18
publication date: 2026-04-18
starting page: 11
ending page: 20
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0260302002

Müasir Azərbaycan dövlətçiliyinin möhkəmləndirilməsində Heydər Əliyev siyasi kursu
type: item
description: Bu məqalədə Heydər Əliyevin siyasi kursunun müasir Azərbaycan dövlətçiliyinin formalaşmasındakı və möhkəmləndirilməsindəki rolu hərtərəfli araşdırılır. Tədqiqat göstərir ki, Heydər Əliyevin rəhbərliyi altında Azərbaycan Respublikası siyasi, iqtisadi və hüquqi sahələrdə köklü islahatlar həyata keçirmiş, müstəqil dövlətçiliyin möhkəm institutsional əsasları qoyulmuşdur. 1995-ci ildə qəbul edilmiş Konstitusiya demokratik hüquqi dövlət quruculuğunun əsasını təşkil etmiş, hakimiyyət bölgüsü prinsipi isə idarəetmədə şəffaflıq və sabitliyi təmin etmişdir. 1994-cü ildə "Əsrin müqaviləsi" kimi tarixi əhəmiyyət kəsb edən neft sazişinin imzalanması Azərbaycanın beynəlxalq enerji bazarına inteqrasiyasını sürətləndirmiş, Dövlət Neft Fondunun yaradılması isə milli iqtisadi ehtiyatların idarə edilməsini institutlaşdırmışdır. Milli təhlükəsizlik sahəsindəki qanunvericilik bazası, o cümlədən informasiya və kibertəhlükəsizlik siyasəti dövlətin suverenliyinin qorunmasında həlledici rol oynamışdır. Nəticə etibarı ilə Heydər Əliyevin siyasi kursu müasir Azərbaycanın inkişaf modelinin ideoloji və institusional özəyini təşkil edir.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Heydər Əliyev
  topic: keywords
subject: dövlətçilik
  topic: keywords
subject: hüquqi dövlət
  topic: keywords
subject: enerji strategiyası
  topic: keywords
subject: milli təhlükəsizlik
  topic: keywords
subject: Azərbaycan
  topic: keywords
creator: Yadigar Dunyamaliyeva Merdan gizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Global Spectrum of Research and Humanities https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-04-06
publication date: 2026-04-06
starting page: 5
ending page: 10
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0260302001

The Role of Information Infrastructure in Strengthening Entrepreneurial Activity
type: item
description: In the contemporary era of rapid informatization, information has become a primary and strategic resource for enterprise development. It serves as the fundamental element in organizing management activities and represents a system of quantitative data reflecting both the desired and the actual state of an enterprise’s subsystems and overall structure. Effective information management ensures informed decision-making and enhances operational coordination. The growing level of societal informatization creates new opportunities for business development and determines the necessity of well-structured information support systems. Such systems form the foundation for the sustainable development and increased productivity of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The advancement of information technologies has introduced innovative tools, including algorithm-based processes, which structure business operations and improve efficiency. However, in modern entrepreneurial practice, a gap remains between the collection and practical application of information and the effective implementation of SME development strategies. Although state policies primarily aim to support small and medium-sized businesses, a more pressing challenge is their survival in highly competitive markets. The competitiveness of SMEs largely depends on access to reliable, operational, and easily accessible information databases that ensure timely and strategic decision-making.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: finance
  topic: keywords
subject: marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: information structure
  topic: keywords
subject: decision-making
  topic: keywords
subject: intensification
  topic: keywords
creator: Aysel Abulfetli
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Global Spectrum of Research and Humanities https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-02-22
publication date: 2026-02-22
starting page: 54
ending page: 60
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0260301007

Transformer Attention for Personalized L2 Feedback in CALL
type: item
description: The rapid diffusion of transformer-based natural language processing has renewed long-standing ambitions in computer-assisted language learning (CALL): scalable, timely, and instructionally meaningful second language (L2) feedback that is sensitive to individual learners’ needs rather than “one-size-fits-all” correction. Contemporary studies on chatbots and large language models (LLMs) suggest measurable promise for L2 vocabulary development, writing support, and learner engagement, while also revealing variability in feedback quality, inconsistency across prompts, and unresolved questions about pedagogical validity and accountability. This article synthesizes research from CALL, feedback theory, and transformer interpretability to propose an attention-informed framework for personalized L2 feedback. The framework treats transformer attention as a computational mechanism for aligning learner language with contextual cues and as a design resource for building inspectable feedback workflows, while explicitly recognizing that attention weights are not automatically faithful explanations of model behavior. Methodologically, we conduct a targeted, citation-grounded synthesis seeded by recent CALL chatbot/LLM research and complemented by foundational work on formative feedback and corrective feedback effectiveness, learner modeling, and transformer visual analytics. Results are presented as design-relevant findings: what current evidence implies for personalization targets (what to correct, how, when), how attention signals may support fine-grained diagnosis and recommendation, and which safeguards are required for responsible deployment in educational settings. Implications are discussed for research design (comparative trials against teacher feedback, delayed posttests, process data), system architecture (learner models + transformer feedback generators), and governance (privacy, transparency, and human oversight).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: transformer attention
  topic: keywords
subject: personalization
  topic: keywords
subject: CALL
  topic: keywords
subject: written corrective feedback
  topic: keywords
creator: Zarifa Sadigzade
creator: Hasan Alisoy
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Global Spectrum of Research and Humanities https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-02-11
publication date: 2026-02-11
starting page: 44
ending page: 53
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0260301006

From Speech Acts to Market Acts: Linguistics Meets Economics
type: item
description: This article examines how language functions as economic action by tracing the movement from speech acts—promises, warnings, commitments, and declarations—to market acts such as contracting, pricing, investing, and policy response. Building on Speech Act Theory (Austin, 1962; Searle, 1969) and insights from behavioral economics on framing and bounded rationality (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979), the study argues that economic discourse does not merely describe markets but helps constitute them. Using an interdisciplinary approach that combines pragmatic analysis, discourse and metaphor analysis, and selected empirical findings from finance and communication studies, the article identifies key linguistic mechanisms that shape economic behavior: modality and hedging, evaluative tone, implicature and indirectness in negotiation, and metaphorical and narrative framing in media and policy communication. Evidence from textual studies of corporate reporting and market sentiment suggests that systematic patterns of language predict or amplify market movements, especially under uncertainty. The article concludes with practical implications for transparent financial communication, credible policy signaling, and education in critical economic literacy, and outlines future research directions for multilingual and digital market settings.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: speech act theory
  topic: keywords
subject: economic discourse
  topic: keywords
subject: performativity
  topic: keywords
subject: framing
  topic: keywords
subject: financial communication
  topic: keywords
subject: behavioral economics
  topic: keywords
creator: Fərid İbrahimov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Global Spectrum of Research and Humanities https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-02-11
publication date: 2026-02-11
starting page: 34
ending page: 43
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0260301005

The Structure, Formation, and Use of Gerundial Constructions in the English Language
type: item
description: In the contemporary world, English can no longer be regarded merely as a means of communication; it functions as a global language that underpins international interaction, scientific collaboration, and business relations. To understand the mechanisms through which English operates and evolves, linguistic research plays a crucial role. Linguistics examines language development, structure, functions, and cognitive processing, analyzing English at multiple levels—from phonetics and morphology to syntax, semantics, and pragmatic use in context. Within this complex system, both simple and composite linguistic units contribute to the expressive richness of the language. One such unit is the gerundial construction, which adds semantic depth and syntactic flexibility to sentence structure. Although derived from a verb, the gerund functions as a noun within a sentence, allowing actions, events, and processes to be conceptualized as entities. As a result, gerundial constructions can perform various syntactic roles, including subject, complement, and predicate elements. The primary objective of this article is to examine the structural characteristics, formation principles, and functional uses of gerundial constructions in modern English, highlighting their significance within the broader grammatical system of the language.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: non-finite verbs
  topic: keywords
subject: comprehensive grammar
  topic: keywords
subject: subject complement
  topic: keywords
subject: nominal identity
  topic: keywords
creator: Aysu Ismayilova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Global Spectrum of Research and Humanities https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-01-18
publication date: 2026-01-18
starting page: 26
ending page: 33
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0260301004

Formation of a Management Accounting System in Business Activities
type: item
description: In the context of the development of modern market relations, the efficient operation of enterprises increasingly depends on the ability to make well-grounded operational and strategic decisions. This, in turn, necessitates the establishment of a reliable, flexible, and analytically oriented information system to support managerial processes. One of the key components of such a system is management accounting. Management accounting provides internally focused information that supports planning, control, and decision-making functions within an organization. In recent years, growing attention has been paid to the development and application of management accounting, reflecting its expanding role in business activities. Management accounting is not limited to the generation of information flows; it also serves as an effective managerial tool that enhances the quality of decision-making, ensures the efficient use of resources, supports risk control, and enables short-term and medium-term forecasting of organizational development. Through systematic analysis of costs, revenues, and performance indicators, management accounting contributes to the optimization of business results and strengthens managerial control over operational processes. The formation and evolution of management accounting are closely associated with the advancement of accounting systems as a whole. In its early stages, management accounting focused on cost standardization and the identification of deviations between planned and actual indicators. At later stages, variable costing systems were developed, and the concept of the break-even point was introduced, allowing managers to analyze the relationship between production volume, costs, and profits. Further development of management accounting has been characterized by the growing importance of strategic planning, the application of economic and mathematical methods, and the integration of information technologies, including computerized accounting sy…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: management accounting
  topic: keywords
subject: planning
  topic: keywords
subject: efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: costs
  topic: keywords
subject: analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: methods
  topic: keywords
creator: Fidan Abbasova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Global Spectrum of Research and Humanities https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-01-09
publication date: 2026-01-09
starting page: 18
ending page: 25
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0260301003

The Role of Oqtay Zulfugarov’s Songs in Shaping Children’s Musical Taste, Ilhama Mammadova
type: item
description: Oqtay Zulfugarov’s children’s songs hold an invaluable place in Azerbaijani musical culture. The fact that his songs develop children’s musical perception and shape their emotional thinking demonstrates the relevance of his works. The main goal of this research is to analyze the composer’s children's song oeuvre from scientific-pedagogical, artistic, and musical perspectives and to determine the significance of his works in the modern era. The importance of his songs is primarily determined by their practical applicability in the educational process. The research employed scientific, analytical, and comparative methods. Zulfugarov’s songs not only shape children’s musical taste but also enrich their spiritual world. In his songs, the spirit of folk music, combined with simplicity and sincerity, yields a high artistic quality. His works are composed in accordance with children’s developmental psychology, emotional world, and aesthetic needs. In his children’s songs, the composer skillfully combined the melodic flexibility characteristic of folk music with clear rhythm and simple harmony to create examples of high artistic value. Oqtay Zulfugarov’s songwriting has had a significant impact on the development of the Azerbaijani school of composition. Observations and interviews indicate that music lessons help develop children’s mental, speech, and language skills, cultivate group work habits, and enhance creativity and aesthetic taste. Moreover, music activities have a strong effect on children’s physical, mental, and emotional development; by creating a playful learning environment in kindergarten, they contribute significantly to the formation of the child’s personality.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Azerbaijani music
  topic: keywords
subject: aesthetic taste
  topic: keywords
subject: Oqtay Zulfugarov
  topic: keywords
subject: children’s songs
  topic: keywords
subject: folk music
  topic: keywords
creator: Roya Kerimova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Global Spectrum of Research and Humanities https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-01-09
publication date: 2026-01-09
starting page: 12
ending page: 17
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0260301002

National Style and Modern Musical Thinking in Tofiq Guliyev’s Song Creativity
type: item
description: Tofiq Guliyev was a prominent Azerbaijani composer, pianist, and conductor whose song creativity played a significant role in the development of Azerbaijan’s national music culture. His vocal works are distinguished by melodic richness, emotional depth, and stylistic integrity. Guliyev successfully synthesised elements of Azerbaijani folk music—such as national intonations, rhythmic patterns, and modal features—with the expressive means of modern musical thinking. This organic fusion has ensured the lasting relevance of his songs across different historical periods. The thematic range of Guliyev’s songs includes love, patriotism, attachment to the homeland, and universal human emotions, which allows his music to resonate consistently with audiences. His compositions reflect characteristic features of Azerbaijani musical tradition, including mugham-based intonations and folk melodic structures, while employing contemporary compositional techniques. Through this synthesis, Guliyev contributed to the evolution of the national song genre, elevating it to a new artistic level and shaping a distinctive musical language that bridges tradition and modernity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tofiq Guliyev
  topic: keywords
subject: Azerbaijani music
  topic: keywords
subject: song creativity
  topic: keywords
subject: national style
  topic: keywords
subject: modern musical thinking
  topic: keywords
subject: mugham
  topic: keywords
subject: folk intonations
  topic: keywords
creator: Selale Rehimli
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Global Spectrum of Research and Humanities https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-01-09
publication date: 2026-01-09
starting page: 6
ending page: 11
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0260301001

Biznes fəaliyyətinin stimullaşdırılması mexanizmlərinin əsas istiqamətləri
type: item
description: Bazar mühitinin qeyri – müəyyənliyi iqtisadi münasibətlərin subyektlərindən bazarda baş verən proseslərin dərin təhlilini aparmağı tələb edir. Biznes subyektləri digərləri ilə aralarında yaranan münasibətlərin müxtəlifliyinə görə daim dəyişən şəraitdə fəaliyyət göstərirlər. Hüquqi təminatın qeyri – səlisliyi, bazar və informasiya infrastrukturunun kifayət səviyyədə inkişaf etməməsi, iqtisadi həyatda baş verən dalğalanmaların artması, maliyyə – kredit sistemindəki problemlər, əsas istehsal strukturlarının təsərrüfat əlaqələrinin zəif inkişaf etməsi iqtisadi sabitliyi pozan amillər sırasındadır. Beləliklə, təsərrüfat subyektlərinin fəaliyyəti xarici mühitin qeyri – müəyyənliyi şəraitində həm obyektiv, həm də subyektiv səbəblərdən geniş iqtisadi təhlillərin aparılmasını şərtləndirir. İqtisadiyyatda təsərrüfat subyektlərinin iqtisadi sabitliyi digər hallarla yanaşı, kollektivin mövqelərinin sabitliyinə, insanların həyat səviyyəsinə, innovasiyalara, yerli istehsalçıların dünya və daxili bazarlarda rəqabət qabiliyyətinə müsbət təsir göstərir. Bu baxımdan yeni yaradılan istehsal strukturları əsasən bazar şəraitində stabil fəaliyyət göstərmək, bazar mövqelərini saxlamaq, daxili istehlakçıları qorumaq və istehsal aparatını müasir tələblər əsasında saxlamaqda maraqlıdır. Biznes subyektlərinin iqtisadiyyatının ümumi vəziyyətinin, struktur dəyişikliklərinin, əsas fəaliyyət növlərinin resurs təminatının, daxili bazar tələbinin vəziyyətinin öyrənilməsi göstərir ki, milli iqtisadiyyatdakı dayanıqlığın artırılması yeni iqtisadi modelə keçidlə əlaqədar olaraq innovativ inkişafa əsaslanan artım, biznes subyektlərinin iqtisadi dayanıqlığının təmin edilməsi üçün nəzəri və metodoloji əsasların işlənib hazırlanmasını tələb edir. Bu istiqamətdə biznes subyektlərinin idarəetmə mexanizmi, idarəetmə və marketinqi, dövlət müəssisələrinin yenilənmiş sosial-iqtisadi münasibətlər sistemi ilə səhmdar cəmiyyətlərə çevrilməsi zamanı struktur yenilənməsi öz əhəmiyyətini qoruyur.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: biznes
  topic: keywords
subject: istehsalçı
  topic: keywords
subject: investisiya
  topic: keywords
subject: strategiya
  topic: keywords
subject: səmərəlilik
  topic: keywords
subject: innovasiya
  topic: keywords
creator: Murad Alakbarzadeh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Global Spectrum of Research and Humanities https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-28
publication date: 2025-12-28
starting page: 260
ending page: 268
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0250206028

Constitutional and Legal Status of Prosecution Services in Turkic States: A Comparative Analysis
type: item
description: The article provides a comparative analysis of the constitutional-legal status of prosecution authorities in Turkic states within the context of historical development stages and modern normative regulation mechanisms. The primary objective of the research is to identify the similarities and differences regarding the position of the prosecution institute within the system of state power, its functions, organizational structure, and personnel policy in the constitutional models of Azerbaijan, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. From a methodological standpoint, historical-legal and comparative jurisprudence approaches have been utilized in the article. Historical analysis demonstrates that the formation of the prosecution institute has followed various development trajectories in Turkic states: the foundations of this model, laid with the institute of "müdde-i umumilik" (public prosecution) during the Tanzimat era in the Ottoman Empire, evolved into a centralized oversight body in post-Soviet Turkic states under the influence of the Soviet legal system. The establishment of the national prosecution institute during the period of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic is regarded as a significant precedent for modern Turkic states. In the section on constitutional-legal analysis, it is determined that the status of prosecution authorities in the constitutions of Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan is regulated more comprehensively and in greater normative detail, based on the principle of a unified and centralized system. In these states, the prosecution acts as an independent legal institute performing key functions such as overseeing the implementation of laws, criminal prosecution, and the protection of state indictments. Conversely, in the Kyrgyz and Turkish models, the constitutional status of the prosecution is more general in nature; in Turkey, the prosecution is considered an integral part of the judicial power and is not…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Turkic states
  topic: keywords
subject: prosecution service
  topic: keywords
subject: constitutional-legal status
  topic: keywords
subject: comparative law
  topic: keywords
subject: judicial independence
  topic: keywords
subject: personnel policy
  topic: keywords
subject: historical development
  topic: keywords
subject: legal integration
  topic: keywords
subject: Prosecutor General, separation of powers
  topic: keywords
creator: Yusif Mirzəzadə
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Global Spectrum of Research and Humanities https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-27
publication date: 2025-12-27
starting page: 248
ending page: 259
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0250206027

The Role of the Human Factor and Awareness in Cybersecurity
type: item
description: In the modern era, the widespread use of information technologies has made data security a key priority for governments, private organizations, and individual users. Information systems process billions of transactions on a daily basis, and protecting these operations cannot be achieved through technological solutions alone. Recent statistics indicate that approximately 70–90% of cybersecurity incidents are caused by the human factor. This includes employee negligence, non-compliance with security policies, vulnerability to social engineering attacks, and insufficient cybersecurity awareness. Although technical defense mechanisms such as antivirus software, firewalls, and encryption technologies have reached a high level of sophistication, organizations that fail to address the human factor remain highly vulnerable to cyber threats. Attacks such as social engineering, phishing, vishing, and ransomware primarily exploit human psychological and behavioral weaknesses rather than technical flaws. Research consistently demonstrates that technological safeguards are significantly less effective without continuous training and the integration of cybersecurity awareness into organizational culture. This article examines the role of the human factor in cybersecurity from a scientific perspective, analyzes the psychological and behavioral dimensions of social engineering attacks, and evaluates the impact of awareness programs on organizational security. Comparative analysis of international and local practices shows that continuous training and behavior-oriented awareness programs can substantially reduce risks arising from human error. Reports by NIST and ENISA, as well as local findings (CERT-AZ, 2023), confirm that sustained training initiatives, simulation exercises, and regularly updated security policies are among the most effective measures against social engineering threats. The study concludes that cybersecurity is not solely a technological challenge; effective mana…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cybersecurity
  topic: keywords
subject: human factor
  topic: keywords
subject: social engineering
  topic: keywords
subject: risk management
  topic: keywords
subject: digital threats
  topic: keywords
creator: Majnun Jafarli
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Global Spectrum of Research and Humanities https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-22
publication date: 2025-12-22
starting page: 240
ending page: 247
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0250206026

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Decision Support and Optimization within Information Systems
type: item
description: Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies play a crucial role in enhancing decision support and optimization processes in information systems. The growing complexity of organizational challenges, the need to manage large volumes of data, and the demand for rapid and accurate strategic decision-making have made AI-based solutions indispensable. These technologies improve the efficiency of decision-making processes, reduce human-related errors, and enable optimal utilization of resources. This article analyzes the applications of AI in decision support and optimization within information systems, drawing on both international and local experiences. The literature review covers global research as well as pilot projects implemented in the Azerbaijani context. International practices demonstrate the effective use of AI algorithms in healthcare, finance, and logistics, particularly in risk assessment, treatment planning, route optimization, and resource management. In Azerbaijan, AI applications remain at a developing stage, with pilot implementations in the banking, healthcare, and logistics sectors showing promising results. The study discusses optimization algorithms, including genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, and machine learning models, and evaluates their impact on decision-making efficiency. The findings highlight the strategic importance of AI for improving operational performance and supporting informed decision-making.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: decision support
  topic: keywords
subject: optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: information systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Nermin Hacisoy
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Global Spectrum of Research and Humanities https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-22
publication date: 2025-12-22
starting page: 232
ending page: 239
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0250206025

The Economic Foundations of the Atabegs’ (Eldenizids’) Power: An Analysis of Commodity Exchange and Urban Planning Policy
type: item
description: This article examines the economic foundations underlying the political and military power of the Azerbaijani Atabegs (Eldenizid) state, which existed during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. While most studies emphasize the political history of the dynasty, this research focuses on the region’s economic development trends during the Eldenizid period — particularly on urban planning policy and the expansion of international trade relations. The study systematically analyzes the key economic arteries of the era, including trade routes, the taxation system, centers of craftsmanship, and agricultural production. The findings reveal that the Eldenizids’ deliberate construction and infrastructure policies strengthened economic stability, while a robust economic base enabled the state to attain significant political influence in a short time. Thus, the Eldenizid state effectively utilized its favorable geographical position to establish economic hegemony, which became one of the decisive factors ensuring its political continuity and durability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Azerbaijani Atabegs (Eldenizid state)
  topic: keywords
subject: Medieval history
  topic: keywords
subject: Commodity exchange
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban planning policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Medieval economy
  topic: keywords
subject: South Caucasus
  topic: keywords
subject: 12th–13th centuries
  topic: keywords
creator: Leyla Zamanli
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Global Spectrum of Research and Humanities https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-20
publication date: 2025-12-20
starting page: 226
ending page: 231
doi: 10.69760/gsrh.0250206024