Regional cooperation betweenn Turkiye, Azerbaijan and Georgia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69760/gsrh.0250203018Keywords:
Turkiye, Azerbaijan, Georgia, cooperation, energy corridors, middle corridors, free trade, defence cooperation, regional stabilityAbstract
Turkiye, Azerbaijan and Georgia have forged a strong trilateral partnership since the collapse of the Soviet Union, collaborating closely in energy, transportation and security. Major projects such as the Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan oil pipeline, the South Caucasus natural gas pipeline and TANAP have bolstered regional energy security, while the Baku–Tbilisi–Kars railway and the Middle Corridor initiative have created a new “Iron Silk Road” linking China to Europe. Free trade agreements and SOCAR’s investments have deepened economic integration, and regular defence exercises and the 2021 Shusha Declaration have strengthened security cooperation.
Despite these achievements, challenges remain, including infrastructure deficiencies, geopolitical competition from external actors and unresolved regional conflicts. Progress in peace talks with Armenia, full operationalisation of the Middle Corridor, and joint efforts in green energy and digital transformation could further enhance this trilateral cooperation.
References
T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı (2024), Güney Kafkasya Ülkeleri İle İlişkiler. https://www.mfa.gov.tr/
Center for Analysis of International Relations. (2012). Trabzon Declaration of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Georgia and the Republic of Turkiye. https://www.mfa.gov.tr/
Azərbaycan prezidenti. (2021, 16 iyun). Azərbaycan Respublikası ilə Türkiyə Respublikası arasında müttəfiqlik münasibətləri haqqında Şuşa Bəyannaməsi. https://president.az/az/articles/view/52122
TRENDS Research & Advisory. (2025, Nisan). Minilateralism in the South Caucasus: Turkiye’s strategic ties with Azerbaijan and Georgia. https://trendsresearch.org/
Caliber.az. (2025, Şubat). Azerbaijan advocates for Georgia’s participation in “3+3” format. https://caliber.az/
BP. (2025). Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline overview. BP Global. https://www.bp.com/
Anadolu Agency. Handan Kazanci (2025, 16 Temmuz). BTC oil pipeline transports 4.6 billion barrels of oil to date. https://www.aa.com.tr/
BP. (2024). South Caucasus Pipeline Fact Sheet. BP Global. https://www.bp.com/
Air Center. (2024, 8 Kasım). The Azerbaijan‑Georgia‑Türkiye Trilateral Format Expands across Multiple Domains. Center of Analysis of International Relations. https://aircenter.az/en/single/the-azerbaijan-georgia-turkiye-trilateral-format-expands-across-multiple-domains-1574
Caspian‑Alpine Society. (2025, Mart). The new geopolitical reality in the South Caucasus. https://caspianalpine.org/
Civil Georgia. (2024, Ağustos 2024). Georgia’s foreign trade up 8 percent in 2024. https://civil.ge/
Civil Georgia. (2025, 15 Temmuz). External Merchandise Trade, January–June 2025. https://civil.ge/
Caliber.az. (2024, Ekim). Baku‑Tbilisi‑Kars railway modernization increases capacity fivefold. https://caliber.az/
Caliber.az. (2025a, Şubat). Zangezur corridor: Modernization and new transport routes. https://caliber.az/
Ministry of Trade of Türkiye. (2008). Türkiye-Gürcistan Serbest Ticaret Anlaşması. https://www.trade.gov.tr/
TRACECA. (2017). Lapis Lazuli Transport Corridor. https://traceca.ge/
Turkish Customs Committee. (1996). Azerbaijan-Georgia Free Trade Agreement list. https://customs.gov.az/
DefenceTurk. (2024, 25 Ağustos). Trilateral defence ministers meeting held in Batumi. https://www.defenceturk.net/
Azernews. (2018, 29 Ekim). Foreign ministers of Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkiye sign Istanbul Declaration. https://www.azernews.az/
TANAP. (2018). Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline (TANAP) project overview. https://www.tanap.com/
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Global Spectrum of Research and Humanities
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
