Phraseological Units in Russian and Azerbaijani Languages: A Comparative Linguistic and Translational Study

Abstract

This article delves into the linguistic features, classification, and intricate challenges encountered in the translation of phraseological units between Russian and Azerbaijani languages. Drawing upon established linguistic theories, particularly V.V. Vinogradov's influential classification, it examines how phraseological units function as stable word combinations with rethought meanings, categorizing them into phraseological fusions, unities, and combinations based on their semantic cohesion and structural characteristics. The study highlights the unique richness and cultural significance of phraseology in both languages, noting how these expressions reflect national identity and serve as vital tools in oral folklore and literary works. Furthermore, the article explores cross-linguistic similarities and differences, including shared idioms, calques, and expressions with common origins. It addresses the inherent translation difficulties arising from typological distinctions (inflective Russian vs. agglutinative Azerbaijani) and cultural specificities, proposing various translation methods such as equivalent translation, analogical translation, descriptive translation, and compensation, supported by practical examples. The analysis underscores that understanding phraseology is crucial not only for linguistic acquisition but also for appreciating the cultural nuances and communicative expressiveness embedded within each language.