Women’s Empowerment and Gender Equality: Perspectives on Social Protection and Economic Policy

Abstract

The article examines the gender risks and vulnerabilities that women face throughout their life course and analyzes the role of social protection and economic policies in empowering women. Gender disparities from early childhood, limited access to education and healthcare, and exposure of children and adolescents to gender-based inequalities affect women’s integration into the labor market. Time inequality between work and domestic responsibilities, employment in informal and low-income jobs, and the absence of social insurance increase women’s economic and social vulnerability.The study employs both theoretical methods (analysis, synthesis, and generalization) and empirical methods (sociological survey and observation). This approach allows for a more detailed and objective understanding of women’s rights protection and the effectiveness of gender policies. The article demonstrates that conditional cash transfers (CCTs), women-targeted subsidies, social services, and training programs are effective tools for reducing risks and enhancing women’s economic participation.The findings indicate that protecting women’s rights, designing social protection mechanisms based on gender-sensitive principles, and expanding women’s participation in the labor market are crucial for inclusive and sustainable societal development. The article provides recommendations for the development of policies and programs aimed at promoting gender equality and empowering women.